BONE MARROW OF ANIMALS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS, RESEARCH AND EVALUATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2021.100.12Keywords:
bone marrow, hemopoiesis, myelogram, mammalian, birds, reptiles, amphibian, fishesAbstract
The review is devoted to the bone marrow of vertebrates, its structure, functions, research methods and evaluation are described. The bone marrow is the main hemopoietic organ of adult animals. It is located in the central channals and epiphyses of tubular bones, vertebrae and flat bones. The vast majority of its cellular composition is represented by hemopoietic cells. In addition, it contains adipocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which form the reticular stroma. The main function of the bone marrow is hemopoiesis. As a primary lymphoid organ, it plays an important role in the development of adaptive immunity. The next function is the production of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes that form bone. Another function is the production of adipokines. Bone marrow examination is performed to diagnose hemopoietic neoplasias, as well as in cases of significant changes in the peripheral blood picture (persistent cytopenia). The main study of the bone marrow is the determination of myelogram - the ratio of various nuclear cells. Calculate M: E ratio (myeloid: nuclear erythroid cells), myeloid maturation index (MMI), erythroid maturation index (EMI), etc. Typical myelograms of dog, cat, horse and cattle are presented. In addition to the detailed characterization of the mammalian bone marrow, the review describes the bone marrow (hemopoiesis) of other vertebrates - birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
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