FEATURES OF POSTNATAL MORPHOGENESIS OF THE SPLEEN IN THE DOMESTIC PIG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.117.08Keywords:
pig breeding, ontogenesis, peripheral lymphoid organs, lymphoid tissue, white pulp, lymph nodules, red pulp, connective tissue, morphometric indicators.Abstract
Normal growth, development and viability of animals, especially at the initial stages of postnatal ontogenesis, are determined by the level of structural and functional organization of the body's integrating systems, among which the organs of hemopoiesis and lymphopoiesis are of key importance. The formation of full-fledged functional structures in the peripheral lymphoid organs of mammals in the process of adaptation to extrauterine conditions of existence is determined by the morphological state of their tissue components at the time of birth. In the study using classical morphological methods, a comprehensive assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of stromal and parenchymal elements of the spleen of a domestic pig in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis at the organ and tissue levels of structural organization was carried out. It was established that the spleen of piglets at the time of birth has a full set of morphological signs of immunocompetence, and from the first days after birth to the end of the lactation period there is intensive development of the parenchyma with the formation of a stable histoarchitectonics of functional zones. In the early postnatal period of ontogenesis, the spleen of piglets is characterized by a gradual increase in linear dimensions and absolute mass with a simultaneous decrease in relative mass. In newborn animals, the spleen has a well-formed connective tissue capsule with trabeculae and parenchyma, represented by red and white pulp. The largest relative area is occupied by the red pulp, while the proportion of connective tissue stroma and white pulp is relatively low and almost the same. In the composition of the white pulp, periarterial lymphoid sheaths and lymph nodes without proliferation centers are clearly identified, the relative area of which at this stage is minimal. With age, there is a redistribution of the area of the parenchymal components of the spleen, which is accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of red pulp and a progressive increase in the total area of the white pulp and its individual structural elements, reaching maximum indicators in 20-day-old piglets. A probable increase in the relative area of lymphoid tissue is recorded at 10 days of age, mainly due to the expansion of periarterial lymphoid sheaths.
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