ВЕТЕРИНАРНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ТА ОЦІНКА БЛАГОПОЛУЧЧЯ РИБ У НАУКОВИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ І АКВАКУЛЬТУРІ (Оглядова стаття)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.117.03Ключові слова:
організм риб; показники благополуччя; п’ять свобод тварин; дослід та експеримент; діагностика, лікування і профілактика хвороб риб; гуманне поводження.Анотація
У сучасних умовах розвитку аквакультури та зростання ролі риб у наукових дослідженнях питання забезпечення їхнього благополуччя набуває особливої уваги. Відсутність чітко врегульованих стандартів утримання риб ускладнює впровадження етичних практик і знижує ефективність систем вирощування. Водночас сучасні ветеринарні технології відкривають нові можливості для моніторингу, профілактики, лікування захворювань, що безпосередньо впливає на здоров’я, продуктивність та екологічну стійкість рибних популяцій.
Мета роботи – узагальнити сучасні наукові підходи до оцінки благополуччя риб у контексті аквакультури та експериментальних досліджень, а також проаналізувати роль і значення ветеринарних технологій у забезпеченні здоров’я, продуктивності та екологічної стійкості рибних популяцій. Було проведено аналіз наукових публікацій, розміщенних у міжнародних базах даних, а також у спеціалізованих ветеринарних та іхтіологічних виданнях, опублікованих протягом останніх п’яти років. Використано принципи критичного аналізу, систематизації та узагальнення інформації з різноманітних джерел, а також методи логічного й структурованого викладу матеріалу.
У статті представлено огляд сучасних ветеринарних технологій та підходів до оцінки благополуччя риб у наукових дослідженнях і аквакультурі. Розглянуто ключові фактори, що впливають на благополуччя риб, зокрема фізико-хімічні параметри води, щільність посадки, соціальну поведінку, структурну складність середовища. Проаналізовано міжнародні стандарти та концепції, які формують етичні та правові засади утримання водних тварин. Особливу увагу приділено ролі ветеринарних технологій у моніторингу здоров’я, діагностиці, профілактиці та лікуванні захворювань, а також у впровадженні інноваційних методів підтримання сталих аквакультурних систем. Показано, що інтеграція біомаркерів, автоматизованих систем контролю та гуманних методів утримання сприяє підвищенню продуктивності, якості продукції та екологічної безпеки.
Стаття має аналітичну та теоретичну цінність, оскільки узагальнює міждисциплінарні підходи до оцінки благополуччя риб і ролі ветеринарних технологій у формуванні сталих аквакультурних систем.
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