AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE ODESSA REGION OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article investigates the problems of development of grain production in the Odessa region, because the issue of ensuring and improving the efficiency of grain farming is one of the key in the national agrarian economy.

The grain economy of each region of the country plays a key role in its economy. According to the Main Directorate of Statistics in Odessa Oblast (2018), as a part of gross crop production (at constant 2010 prices) grain production occupies more than 37% of its total volume, using 64.2% of agricultural land from the total area of crops.

The results of the study showed that the Odessa region is the largest agricultural area, includes 26 administrative districts, which are located from south to north in two natural landscape areas: the Steppe and the Forest-Steppe. Consequently, in different natural and climatic zones of the Odessa region, there is a significant difference in the productivity of grain. In 2018, the leaders in the production of crops were agricultural producers in areas such as Kodyma, Savransky, Saratov, Tatarbunarskiy, Oknyansky, where grain yields were observed within the national average. In such areas as Podilsky, Tarutyn, Baltic, Artsyz, Belgorod-Dnestrovsky, Ovidiopol, Velikomykhailivsky, the average grain yield was higher than the average in the Odessa region. In other areas, the average grain yield was substantially inferior to similar indicators in the oblast. In Ivanivsky, Bilyaevsky, Razdelnyansky, Zakharovsky districts, the yield level was lower than 30 cc per 1 ha, due to the lack of working capital for the purchase of material resources: mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, conditioned seeds, etc. These farms, as a rule, used the grain for sowing. This is precisely what has determined the poor level of yield and economic efficiency of grain production in these areas.

As a result, we can say that the main factor that will positively influence the growth of grain yield in the future is innovation in plant production. The components of innovative development of grain production in the region should be: technical re-equipment of technologies in crop production; use of new crop nutrition technologies; use of varieties-innovations.