INTROGRESSIVE LINES – VALUABLE STARTING MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Keywords:
Triticum aestivum L., introgression lines, Aegilops tauschii Coss., resistance, productivity.Abstract
Long-term breeding of winter wheat to increase yield has led to the use of genetically homogeneous varieties in production, which has caused the emergence of new aggressive races, the more frequent occurrence of epiphytotia, and, as a result, the loss of resistance of varieties, deterioration of their yield and quality indicators. Expansion of genetic variability is the key to overcoming this situation. One of the effective tools is the introgression into the wheat genome of foreign genetic plasma. In the PBGI – NCSCI, a number of introgressive lines of winter bread wheat were created by the method of distant hybridization, the evaluation of which for resistance to common diseases, productivity, protein content in grain and the creation of original source material based on them for use in breeding programs is the aim of this work.
The material used was 436 lines of winter bread wheat, mainly with introgressions from rye and Ae. tauschii, as well as T. timopheevii, T. dicoccum, T. militinae, Elymus sibiricus L.
The maximum level of resistance to stem rust was found among the derivatives of the sample H74/90-245 and the line MA1, which is associated with the presence of the wheat-rye translocation 1BL.1RS. Among the derivatives of amphiploids with the participation of Aegilops tauschii, such genotypes were almost not found. It was determined that the tolerance of introgressive lines to septoria and powdery mildew has a polygenic (complementary) nature and is a consequence of positive transgression and comes from minor sources of resistance.
High variability of productivity and protein content in grain of introgressive lines was established. A significant positive relationship between yield and resistance was found in the derived line MA1 – with resistance to yellow (Rsp = 0.54) and stem rust (Rsp = 0.42), in lines from the "Other" group – to powdery mildew (Rsp = 0.70) and yellow rust (Rsp = 0.46). The positive correlation between resistance to rust types and protein accumulation is attributed to the genetic linkage of alien resistance genes with determinants of elevated grain protein content.
Introgressive lines with a complex of economically valuable traits (AIL125/03, E212/09, E2792/14-2, AIL341/18, AIL35PH20) were identified, which are promising starting material for breeding winter bread wheat for disease resistance, productivity, and quality indicators.
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