HEMATOLOGIC, CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL AND IMAGING CHANGES IN CANINE LYMPHOMA: DESCRIPTION OF THE CLINICAL CASE

Abstract

The relevance of the study of lymphoma in dogs is due to the high frequency of its occurrence, the complexity of early diagnosis and the variety of clinical forms and course. It has been established that lymphoma in dogs is more often diagnosed in animals of the older age group, mainly after 7 years of age. impaired immune regulation, exposure to environmental factors, especially chemical and carcinogenic compounds. The article presents a clinical case of lymphoma in a half-breed dog aged 9 years. A clinical examination of the dog revealed a lack of appetite, hyperthermia, symmetrical enlargement of the parotid and popliteal lymph nodes, abdominal pain, and apathy. For diagnostic purposes, a laboratory blood test was performed, according to the results of which a decrease in the amount of erythrocytopenia to 5.36 T/l, thrombocytopena, and leukocytosis was revealed. Morphological examination of a peripheral blood smear revealed large granular lymphocytes, up to 88%. A biochemical study of blood serum revealed hypoalbuminemia, an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, an increase in the concentration of alkaline phosphatase, which is a sign of severe hepatocellular or muscle damage, cholestasis or enzyme induction. Lactate dehydrogenase is increased by 2.1 times, creatine kinase is increased to 399.5 U/L, which may indicate active cytolysis and tissue damage. Hypocalcemia, which may be associated with hypoalbuminemia, has been noted and indicates malabsorption or systemic metabolic imbalance. Ultrasonographic examination established that the pancreas contains multiple focal changes, of lymphoproliferative or metastatic origin, generalized lymphadenopathy is noted, consistent with a systemic process, probably of a neoplastic or infectious-reactive nature. X-ray examination did not reveal signs of metastatic lesions of the chest cavity. During the cytomorphological study of the lymph node, a pronounced violation of the normal architectonics of lymphoid tissue was revealed with a predominance of a population of atypical lymphoid cells of medium and large size with signs of pronounced cellular atypia. In some cells, there is an increased nuclear density and signs of active proliferation, which reflects the high mitotic potential of the tumor population, and is characteristic of malignant lymphoproliferative process. The totality of the data obtained is of practical value for veterinary doctors, the data of the clinical case are provided for the purpose of timely diagnosis for further treatment of the animal.