ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЩОДО ПОКРАЩЕННЯ СВИНЕЙ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПОРІД ЗА РАХУНОК СЕЛЕКЦІЙНО-ГЕНЕТИЧНИХ І ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ

Abstract

The article considers ways to improve red-white-belted pigs based on breeding, genetic and technological factors. In particular, the assessment of the maternal properties of nursing sows is determined by the nature of the lowering of the body to the floor.
Therefore, to improve the quality of sow selection during the first week of lactation, it is advisable to evaluate the speed and nature of lowering the body to the floor. Sows that slowly (in 10 seconds or more) lower their body to the floor are classified as smooth type (I). Sows that quickly (in 6 seconds or less) lower their bodies to the floor are classified as sharp type (II). Sows that lower their bodies to the floor – either slowly or quickly – are classified as mixed type (III). Piglets were crushed least by sows of types I, and most by types II and III. Heredity of the character of lowering the body to the floor according to Fechner-0.36±0.025; P < 0.001, and we repeat - 0.20±0.08 P < 0.05. For reproduction of the breeding herd, sows are selected that have a smooth type of lowering of the body to the floor, and animals of a sharp and mixed type with low reproductive characteristics are culled. A method has been developed to assess the stress resistance of young pigs by monitoring their ethological and immunological reactions, the latter are determined by the size of the swollen spot of the auricle one day after weaning the young; stress-resistant, stress-sensitive and stress-doubtful young animals are classified as stress-susceptible, stress-susceptible and stress-susceptible, in which the size and 0.05 of the swollen spot varies, respectively, within 1.1-1.5 cm, 2.1-2.5 cm, 1.6-2.0 cm, and the ethological reaction is determined by the index of aggressive behavior for the first day after weaning. Young animals are classified as stress-resistant, stress-sensitive and stress-susceptible if their index of aggressive activity is 0.04; 0.07;0,05. A method for assessing the adaptive properties of piglets during the crisis period (weaning, regrouping) was developed. Using the probit method on the tenth day after and transfer of piglets to growing, the normalized deviation of live weight, expressed in sigma fractions, was determined for each individual. It was found that individuals with a large value of the normalized deviation of live weight are characterized by a high social rank and a more advanced homeostatic apparatus, which positively affected fattening and meat productivity. The highest growth energy in the crisis period was in animals whose standard deviation of live weight was +1.0 and above (P<0.001). A method for assessing and selecting sows based on the stress susceptibility of offspring has been developed. For the purpose of accurate and efficient assessment of the broodstock based on the stress susceptibility of the offspring, it is advisable to select sows for breeding, in the litter of which there are 80-100% stress-resistant piglets belonging to class M+.A method has been developed for selecting boars based on the stress susceptibility of their offspring, according to which, at the first stage after weaning the piglets, the boars are evaluated for the quality of the offspring obtained from covered sows according to the grading instructions and their class is determined; on the second - determine the individual stress tolerance of piglets in the nest of each sow by the coefficient of change in live weight of piglets on the 10th day after the action of technological stresses; on the third - establish the percentage of offspring in their nests with different stress resistance); on the fourth - at 6 months, the class of boars is determined by their own productivity of offspring according to the grading instructions; on the fifth - elite boars are selected, which have 60-100% of stress-resistant offspring in the nests obtained from the sows covered by them