APPLICATION OF MODERN GENETIC SELECTION METHODS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Abstract

The article is descriptive and review-based and is devoted to the analysis of the use of modern breeding methods in animal husbandry. The breeding process is highlighted as an important component of the agricultural sector, since it contributes to the improvement of the genetic characteristics of animals. The most effective breeding methods in animal husbandry and the agricultural sector are also described. It is emphasized that the theoretical basis of breeding is genetics and only a deep knowledge of the laws of variability and inheritance of traits will allow the breeder to competently plan and conduct breeding work. It is indicated that in addition to genetics, the breeder must have thorough knowledge of the biology of the selected object of study, the laws of its reproduction, growth and development of its individuals, their resistance to infectious diseases and other adverse environmental factors. Thus, the article highlights that breeding programs for the creation of new plant varieties and animal breeds, first of all, are firmly based on genetic principles, relying on the laws of genetics. The article also describes how genetic and breeding research on farm animals is key to increasing the productivity and quality of agricultural products. It also considers how modern animal husbandry, using the achievements of basic biological sciences, including DNA technologies, leads to increased economic efficiency in the agro-industrial complex. It is emphasized that quantitative traits in animals are particularly important, including milk production, milk composition, meat and carcass quality, fertility, as well as resistance or susceptibility to infections. It is also described that these traits are mainly polygenic, which is the result of the interaction of several genes. As a result, it is emphasized that the development of economically useful traits is also of crucial importance, and chromosome maps of farm animals are necessary, which increases the likelihood of detecting polygenic quantitative traits and the effectiveness of breeding efforts using genetic markers.