CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF POISONING WITH RODENTICIDES IN CANIS FAMILIARIS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF FORENSIC VETERINARY EXAMINATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.116.05Keywords:
hemolytic poison, urea, prothrombin, hemorrhages, hemorrhagic imbibition, transudate, hemorrhages, intestines.Abstract
It is known that timely diagnosis of poisoning of the animal's body is of great value in shaping further actions aimed at carrying out successful therapeutic measures. Poisoning of dogs with zoocoumarins and brodifacoum is manifested by a pronounced early prolongation of prothrombin time, posthemorrhagic anemia, liver dysfunction and transient renal dysfunction. The basis of effective treatment of poisoning of dogs with rodenticides is early determination of prothrombin time, immediate correction of hemodynamics, timely administration of vitamin K1 and careful long-term monitoring of the animal's condition. The toxic effect of a poisonous substance (hemotoxin) on the animal body leads to the destruction of erythrocytes with the release of various biologically active substances, including hemoglobin into the plasma and outside the blood capillaries, which is the cause of hemorrhagic imbibition of organs with a well-branched capillary network: lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen. Hemolysis of blood and increased vascular permeability are the determining factors in the formation of hemorrhagic transudate in natural cavities (thoracic, abdominal, pericardial), with effusion under the periosteum. The change to an intense dark red color of the tissues of the abdominal wall and the omentum around the stomach is a consequence of the resorption effect of the chemical substance through the stomach lining.
Conducted research and analysis of their results make it possible to establish that this type of poison has a significant difference in the mechanism of action with hydrochloric acid and concentrated alkalis, which directly at the site of primary contact (mucous membrane of the lips, oral cavity of the esophagus) lead to a chemical burn with subsequent necrosis of tissues, including the mucous and muscular membrane of the stomach and intestinal wall, in most cases do not cause a pronounced generalized process.
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