ACUTE RADIATION SICKNESS IN FARM ANIMALS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.116.03Keywords:
acute radiation sickness, farm animals, ionizing radiation, veterinary radiobiologyAbstract
At the present stage, there is a high probability of an increase in the number of radiation incidents and technogenic and ecological disasters as a result of military operations in Ukraine. The use of nuclear weapons is accompanied by large-scale radioactive contamination of the environment and the formation of radiation sickness not only in humans but also in animals. In this regard, the proper level of professional awareness of veterinary doctors regarding the mechanisms of action of radionuclides on the body of farm animals, the pathogenesis of radiation sickness, as well as modern methods of its diagnosis, treatment and prevention is of particular importance. Radiation sickness (radiation syndrome) is a complex pathology that occurs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation in doses capable of causing acute or chronic tissue damage. This nosological unit is characterized by systemic morphofunctional disorders that are caused by the destruction of cellular structures, suppression of hematopoiesis and the body's immune response. The main sources of radioactive contamination in the epicenter of a nuclear explosion are the decay products of nuclear fuel, unreacted charge particles, and radioactive isotopes formed in the soil and building materials under the influence of neutron irradiation. Humans and animals can be affected both as a result of external irradiation and through the internal intake of radionuclides with contaminated water, feed or air. In severe cases, this leads to the development of radiation sickness with a high probability of fatal consequences. Given the increased level of radiation danger in conditions of military operations, farm animals, along with people, are in a zone of significant risk. This necessitates the need for in-depth training of veterinary specialists in the field of radiobiology and radiation medicine. The article analyzes the key factors that determine the course of radiation sickness in animals, highlights the mechanisms of pathological changes, describes the clinical stages of the disease in different animal species, and summarizes modern approaches to its diagnosis, therapy, and prevention.
References
Slobodyuk, N. M. (2022). Zbroia masovoho urazhennia ta yii vplyv na tvaryn. Naukovyi visnyk LNUVMB imeni S.Z. Gzhytskoho. Seriia: Veterynarni nauky, 24(108), 187–191. https://surl.li/dbblcs
Ivanets, M., Hordiienko, A., & Horielyshev, S. (2023). Analiz dzherel nadzvychainykh sytuatsii voiennoho kharakteru ta yikh naslidkiv. Honor and Law, 1(84), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/1/84/276810
Skrypka, H., Naidych, O., Piven, O., Pshychenko, V., & Dankevych, N. (2025). Monitorynh rivniu radiatsiinoho fonu na rynkakh m. Odesy. Ahrarnyi visnyk Prychornomor’ia, (114), 58–70. https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.114.06
Kos’ianchuk, N. I. (2013). Osnovni poniattia dobrobutu tvaryn ta normatyvno-pravovi akty. Naukovyi visnyk LNUVMB imeni S.Z. Gzhytskoho, 15(1(4)), 88–92.
Maltseva, K., Kleeievska, V., & Kruchyna, V. (2022, October). Mozhlyvi naslidky zastosuvannia yadernoi zbroi. Actual scientific research in the modern world, 10(90, Part 1), 192–196.
Boichak, M. P. (2020). Acute radiation disease: Contribution of Ukrainian scientists (notice one). Ukrainian Military-Medical Academy, 4(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.46847/ujmm.2020.4(1)-056
Tunikovska, L. H., & Kharlamova, T. S. (2020, May 20–22). Vplyv radiatsii na silskohospodarskykh tvaryn. In The 9th International scientific and practical conference “Perspectives of world science and education” (pp. 948–957). CPN Publishing Group.
Hudkov, I. M. (2017). Silskohospodarska radioekolohiia: pidruchnyk. Kyiv.
Khodieiev, N. P. (2021, April 26). Naslidky Chornobyli͡a u tvarynnomu ta roslynnomu sviti. In Den pamiati Chornobylskoi trahedii: zb. materialiv kruhloho stolu (pp. 45–47). Kharkiv. https://surl.li/xhksdc
Pocherniaieva, V. F., et al. (2021). Radiatsiina medytsyna: pidruchnyk. Lviv. https://surl.li/hgdegb
Tumanska, N. V., et al. (2018). Hostra promeneva khvoroba: navchalnyi posibnyk dlia studentiv. Zaporizhzhia.
Beihul, I. O. (2020). Nehatyvnyi vplyv radioaktyvnoho vyprominiuvannia na zdorovia liudyny. In Biolohichni, medychni ta naukovo-pedahohichni aspekty zdorovia liudyny: zb. materialiv Mizhnarodnoi nauk.-prakt. konf. (pp. 139–140). Poltava: Astraia. https://surl.li/kaoabs
Lozova, D. R., & Yaiechnyk, R. V. (2022). Vplyv radiatsii na orhanizm liudyny. In Okhorona pratsi: osvita i praktyka. Problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku okhorony pratsi: Zb. nauk. prats konferentsii (pp. 110–111). Lviv: LDU BZhD. https://surl.li/ewxshp
Shelest, Z. M., Korbut, M. B., Herasymchuk, O. L., & Kalchuk, S. V. (2023). Otsinka radiatsiinoho fonu v zhytlovykh prymishchenniakh, zumovlenoho tekhnohenno pidsylenymy dzherelamy pryrodnoho pokhodzhennia. Tekhnichna inzheneriia, 1(91), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.26642/ten-2023-1(91)-398-406
Patseva, I. H., Alpatova, O. M., Demchuk, L. I., Kireitseva, H. V., & Levytskyi, V. H. (2022). Suchasnyi stan navkolyshnoho pryrodnoho seredovyshcha v umovakh vplyvu viiny. Ekolohichni nauky, 4(43), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.32846/2306-9716/2022.eco.4-43.3
Piven, O. T., Khimych, M. S., Salata, V. Z., Gutyj, B. V., Naidich, O. V., Skrypka, H. A., & Rud, V. O. (2020). Contmination of heavy metals and radionuclides in the honey with different production origin. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(2), 405–409. https://doi.org/10.15421/2020_117
Vitko, V., & Khabarova, H. (2021). Radiatsiinyi vplyv AES Ukrainy ta Yevropy na kordoni. In Ekolohichna bezpeka: problemy i shliakhy vyrishennia: zb. nauk. statei XVІІ Mizhnarodnoi nauk.-prakt. konf. (pp. 85–93). Kharkiv: Styl-Izdat. https://surl.li/bxmwyg
Polishchykov, I. O., & Pancheva, H. M. (2022). Zakhyst vid ionizuiuchykh vyprominiuvan. In Informatsiini tekhnolohii: nauka, tekhnika, tekhnolohiia, osvita, zdorovia (p. 256). https://surl.li/ldrvtg
Lidovskyi, S. H., & Petrenko, K. L. (2021). Radioaktywne vyprominiuvannia. Vydy rozpadu. In Zb. nauk. prats Vseukrainskoi nauk. stud. konf. “Aktualni problemy fizyky ta yikh informatsiine zabezpechennia” (pp. 145–147). Kharkiv. https://surl.li/ilwmam
Arnautou, P., Garnier, G., Maillot, J., Konopacki, J., Brachet, M., Bonnin, A., & Malfuson, J. V. (2024). Management of acute radiation syndrome. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique, 31(4), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2024.07.002
Dainiak, N., & Albanese, J. (2022). Medical management of acute radiation syndrome. Journal of Radiological Protection, 42(3), 031002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac7d18
Tanigawa, K. (2021). Case review of severe acute radiation syndrome from whole body exposure: Concepts of radiation-induced multi-organ dysfunction and failure. Journal of Radiation Research, 62(Supplement_1), i15–i20. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa121
Snezhkova, E., Rodionova, N., Bilko, D., Silvestre-Albero, J., Sydorenko, A., Yurchenko, O., & Nikolaev, V. (2021). Orally administered activated charcoal as a medical countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome in rats. Applied Sciences, 11(7), 3174. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073174
Yang, J. K., Xing, S., Shen, X., Wang, X., Jiang, Y., Zhang, X. W., & Yu, Z. Y. (2022). Therapeutic effect of single intramuscular administration of recombinant human thrombopoietin on rhesus monkeys with acute radiation sickness. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi, 30(6), 1887–1892. https://doi.org/10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.06.041
Stenke, L., Hedman, C., Lindberg, M. L., Lindberg, K., & Valentin, J. (2022). The acute radiation syndrome—Need for updated medical guidelines. Journal of Radiological Protection, 42(1), 014004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac4ac6
Luan, H., Xing, S., Yang, J. K., Wang, Y. M., Zhang, X. W., Qiao, Z. Z., ... & Yu, Z. Y. (2023). Effect of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) on long-term hematopoietic recovery in mice with acute radiation sickness and relative mechanism. Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi, 31(2), 546–552. https://doi.org/10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2023.02.034
Lazarus, H. M., McManus, J., & Gale, R. P. (2022). Sargramostim in acute radiation syndrome. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 22(11), 1345–1352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14712598.2022.2143261
Kaur, A. (2023, January). Acute radiation effect on major organ systems. In Proceedings of the seventh annual conference of Nuclear Medicine Physicists Association of India—An irresistible rise post pandemic, commitment to excellence: abstract book (pp. 9–10). https://surl.lu/dlubvt
Talapko, J., Talapko, D., Katalinić, D., Kotris, I., Erić, I., Belić, D., & Škrlec, I. (2024). Health effects of ionizing radiation on the human body. Medicina, 60(4), 653. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60040653
Farese, A. M., Drouet, M., Herodin, F., Bertho, J. M., Thrall, K. D., Authier, S., & MacVittie, T. J. (2021). Acute radiation effects, the H-ARS in the non-human primate: A review and new data for the cynomolgus macaque with reference to the rhesus macaque. Health Physics, 121(4), 304–330. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000001442
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
