MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ENDOMETRIAL FORMATION IN CATTLE FETUES

Abstract

The results of scientific research do not provide a complete understanding of the morphological and histological features of endometrium formation in bovine fetuses. This knowledge is crucial for selecting methods of correction and stimulation during pregnancy, especially for the formation of the maternal part of the placenta during estrus. The data obtained will help to improve herd reproductive rates and, as a result, maximize the efficiency of meat and dairy production. Since the endometrium provides for all the needs of the zygote before the placenta forms, as well as the biophysical component during implantation, detailed knowledge of its development during the embryonic stage, long before other components of the reproductive system are established, is necessary. The specific features of the morpho-histological development of the uterine mucosa in female fetuses provide fundamental knowledge of complex biological processes such as the formation of the maternal part of the placenta during the excitation phase, implantation, and pregnancy. Understanding the physiological features of the histogenesis of the endometrial epithelium, which creates the internal uterine environment, is necessary to comprehend its corrected influence on the conditions of the external postnatal environment.
The results of a study on the endometrium of bovine fetuses at 3 months of gestation show that in the female fetus, the uterine horns and body are completely separated, and the laying down of all membranes begins. The endometrium is covered with a single-layered columnar epithelium. The formation of uterine glands begins in bovine fetuses that are 22 cm long, in the 4th month of intrauterine development. Caruncles (placentomes) are laid down as small elevations of the mucosa in the 4th month of intrauterine development. In the 5th month of intrauterine development, the caruncles have a mushroom-like shape, protrude into the lumen of the uterine horn, and their epithelium consists of a single layer of narrow and tall cells. In the 5th month of intrauterine development, the caruncles have a mushroom-like shape, protrude into the lumen of the uterine horn, and their epithelium consists of a single layer of narrow and tall cells.