POLYMORPHISM OF THE ESR1 AND PRLR GENES IN MYRHOROD, POLTAVA MEAT AND WELSH PIG BREEDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2025.114.15Keywords:
marker-assisted selection, pigs, polymorphism, estrogen receptor 1, prolactin receptor, population analysisAbstract
The use of molecular genetic markers in pig breeding opens new opportunities for improving the productive and reproductive traits of animals. Traditional selection methods based on phenotype evaluation have certain limitations, whereas marker-assisted selection allows for more effective selection of desirable alleles. At present, the study of the genetic structure of Ukrainian pig breed populations, such as the Myrhorod and Poltava meat breeds, is relevant for their conservation and improvement.
The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of allele variants and genotypes of polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) genes in Myrhorod, Poltava meat, and Welsh pigs raised in Ukraine. Genotyping of animals from the three breeds was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method followed by restriction fragment analysis of amplified products. The allele and genotype frequencies for the studied loci were determined, and the levels of heterozygosity and polymorphism were assessed.
The study results revealed differences in allele frequencies among the examined populations. In the Myrhorod breed, the A allele predominated in the ESR1 (0,65) and PRLR (0,74) genes. In the Poltava meat breed, allele frequencies were more balanced (A – 0,58 and 0,51, respectively). In the Welsh breed, a slight predominance of the B allele was observed in the studied loci (B – 0,52 and 0,58, respectively). The genotype frequency analysis showed that the Welsh breed was characterized by high heterozygosity for the studied loci in ESR1 and PRLR (0,571 and 0,762, respectively), while the Poltava meat breed demonstrated high heterozygosity for ESR1 (0,633). In contrast, the Myrhorod breed exhibited a lower level of heterozygosity. This study has potential for further research in association analysis with pig productivity traits. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained data in breeding programs to preserve and improve Ukrainian pig breeds.
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