FEED MIXTURE RECIPES FOR CATTLE OF VARIOUS PRODUCTION GROUPS

Abstract

It is noted that when organizing the feeding of cattle, at least 60 % of the dry matter in the daily ration should be coarse-fiber feed, corn or grass silage. For cows during milk production, this figure can be reduced to 50 % for a period of no more than the first three months.
Recipes for compound feed concentrates have been developed for calves from 1 to 3 and from 3 to 6 months, for young cattle aged from 6 to 18 months, and for dairy cows.
The basis of feed mixtures for ruminants is crushed wheat, corn, barley, sunflower cake, soybean cake, sodium chloride (table salt), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), vegetable oil, protein and vitamin supplements or concentrates.
The features of the use of concentrated feeds in feed mixtures for calves, young animals during growing and fattening, dairy cows during the production cycle are given: during the period  of new pregnancy, the first lactation period, the second lactation period, the third lactation period, in the dry period, which is divided into two phases: 40-11 days, 10-1 days.
It is indicated that the maximum amount of feeding of concentrated feed in the feeding rations of calves up to 6 months of age should not exceed 2 kg, in the feeding rations of replacement heifers - 1-2 kg, young animals for fattening - 4 kg, dry cows 1-2 kg, dairy cows in the first lactation period - 10 kg. Concentrated feeds are fed to ruminants after eating the main bulky feeds (silage, hay, concentrates).
It is concluded that the use of compound feeds, which include energy and protein feeds, protein-vitamin concentrates and vegetable oils, is the basis of high productivity of cattle of various production groups.