MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOPLASMS OF THE MAMMARY GLAND IN DECORATIVE RATS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2023.107.02Keywords:
decorative animals, oncology, neoplasia, adenoma, fibroadenoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcomaAbstract
Neoplasms of the mammary gland and affected regional lymph nodes after their surgical removal in diseased decorative rats of different ages and sexes were studied. To establish the diagnosis, anamnesis was collected, the animals underwent a clinical examination, during which the presence of neoplasms was diagnosed visually and by palpation. When palpating the tumor, its consistency, extent, clarity of contours and boundaries, as well as the degree of its fusion with surrounding tissues and organs were determined. In order to detect or refute the presence of metastases in the chest cavity, the animals were subjected to X-ray examination, and in the abdominal cavity - ultrasound examination. To confirm the diagnosis and establish the type of removed tumors, as well as the condition of regional lymph nodes, their histological examination was performed. The qualitative characteristics of tumors and lymph nodes were determined by microscopy of histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, prepared according to standard pathohistological methods. It has been established that the age and sex of animals affects the risk of mammary gland tumors. Of the total number of cases of neoplasms in rats, 96.4% are females and 3.6% are males. At the same time, females aged 24–26 months are most often affected. The probability of the occurrence of benign tumors is 85.7%, malignant - 14.3%. Among diagnosed benign neoplasms, fibroadenoma is more common (82.1%), and adenocarcinoma (10.7%) is more common among malignant neoplasms. Fibroadenoma during palpation in animals was painless, had the appearance of a hard, rubbery mass with clear contours, consisting of epithelial and stromal components. The microstructure of the tumor is characterized by the growth of connective tissue between the lobules of the gland, while there is no cellular atypism. During the palpation of malignant tumors of the mammary gland in animals, they were felt in the form of one or several nodes of different sizes, did not have clear borders, and densely grew with the surrounding tissues. Adenocarcinomas revealed clearly visible cellular atypism, uncontrolled growth of connective tissue, growth of glandular tissue, as a result of which the normal ratio of stroma and parenchyma and boundaries between lobules are lost. Metastases from neoplasms of the mammary gland most often occur in the iliac lymph nodes and lungs.
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