OPERATIONAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL MACHINES FOR TWO-PHASE PIG BREEDING TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

The successful development of the pig industry requires constant monitoring of technological equipment aimed at improving animal comfort. A special role in this issue belongs to the creation of welfare in the maintenance of suckling sows with piglets. World experience of industrial pig breeding has shown that long-term fixed maintenance of suckling sows is undesirable for its health and productivity. In accordance with the recommendations of the European Union in our country and abroad began to use semi-fixed maintenance of suckling sows. It should be noted that the developed recommendations for the maintenance of suckling sows, mainly related to the three-phase technology of rearing piglets. For two-phase technology, such recommendations are clearly not enough. In this regard, it is important to have an idea of the features of easel equipment for suckling sows in two-phase technology. In order to determine the effectiveness of their use for two-phase technology of pig breeding in new market conditions, the task of our research was to investigate the operational and economic characteristics of typical machines OSM-60 and OSM-120. The research was carried out in the farm "Ecopharm" of Kherson region, which specializes in growing hybrid young pigs obtained from local sows of the first generation of large white breed and landrace of English selection (WB x L) and terminal boars Pietren and Duroc (P x D). The research was conducted on OSM-60 and OSM-120 machines in three replicates during 2018-2019. It was found that piglets during rearing in OSM-60 machines spent 1062.55 ± 17.83 on rest, movement and eating feed; 205.88 ± 18.06; 171.57 ± 6.15 minutes, in the OSM-120 machine - 1075.15 ± 16.08; 201.67 ± 18.66; 163.18 ± 5.53 min. Live weight of piglets at the age of 30 days, which were kept in the machines OSM-60 and OSM-120 was 7.51 ± 0.19; 7.21 ± 0.13 kg, in 90 days - 33.70 ± 0.63; 31.51 ± 0.58 kg. Preservation of piglets in the suckling period was, respectively, 91.66 ± 5.02 and 89.58 ± 4.41%. Labor costs for cleaning one machine during the day were, respectively, 93.33 ± 5.51 and 76.43 ± 3.01 sec.Studies suggest that the structural differences between the machines OSM-60 and OSM-120 do not affect the performance of animals, but some parameters of spatial planning decisions need to be improved in the following areas: improving working conditions of operators, ensuring 100% transformation of internal fences, development of devices for combining several nests, feeding piglets and sows with different feeds and providing motor (game) activity.