CONFEMPORARY CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOPOICTIC NEOPLASIA

Abstract

The work is devoted to the classification of tumor lesions of the hematopoietic organs - bone marrow and lymphoid system. These lesions are called hemopoietic neoplasia (hemoblastosis). Hemopoietic neoplasia is divided into leukecmia (leucosis) and lymphoma (hematosarcoma). Leukemia is a systemic blood disease of a tumor nature with primary bone marrow damage. Lymphomas are tumors of lymphoid cells with primary extra-bone marrow  localization and localized tumor growth. Leukemias are divided into myeloid and lymphoid. Myeloids arise as a result of clonal proliferation of malignant progenitor cells of the myeloid series - CFU-GEMM, or its descendants. Lymphoid - as a result of proliferation of malignant progenitor cells of  lymphoid series - CFU-L, or its descendants. Myeloid disorders include strictly myeloid (granulocytic), erythrocytic,  monocytic, megakaryocytic leukemias, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Lymphoid leukemias are divided into T-cell, B-cell and plasma-cell. Leukemias are also divided into acute and chronic. Acute is called leukemia, in which the substrate of tumor growth form immature, blastic cells  of I-IV classes of hematopoiesis,  that lose their ability  to  maturation (differentiation). In chronic leukemia, this substrate consists of maturing and mature cells of V-VI classes of hematopoiesis, which have retained the ability to mature. The article presents a schematic classification of leukemias developed by the authors, which is based on modern conceptions  about the pedigree of tumor cell clones. In 3 tables the FAB-classification of leukemias, adapted in 1991 by American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) to the needs of veterinary medicine is stated. It is shown that today, along with morphological features, cytochemical (enzymatic) and immunological (genetic) markers are increasingly used for more detailed classification. The classification of hemopoietic neoplasias of certain species of domestic animals – cattle,  sheeps, cats, dogs, horses, birds, etc. is also considered. Brief data on the prevalence of these diseases in them are given. References are given to the latest improvements and further development of the classifications of leukemias and lymphomas, in particular the revision of these WHO classifications  in 2016.