ВІРУСНА ГЕМОРАГІЧНА ХВОРОБА КРОЛІВ: ВІД ЕПІЗООТИЧНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ ДО ЕФЕКТИВНИХ СТРАТЕГІЙ КОНТРОЛЮ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37000/abbsl.2026.119.17Ключові слова:
вірусна геморагічна хвороба кролів; RHDV; RHDV2; епізоотологія; патогенез; діагностика; контроль інфекцій; біобезпека; вакцинація.Анотація
У статті узагальнено сучасні наукові дані щодо вірусної геморагічної хвороби кролів як однієї з найбільш небезпечних інфекцій у кролівництві. Проаналізовано історію відкриття та глобального поширення збудника, особливості його еволюції, генетичної мінливості та формування нових варіантів, зокрема RHDV2 (GI.2). Розглянуто етіологічні та молекулярно-біологічні характеристики вірусу, механізми його патогенності та взаємодії з імунною системою організму.
Особливу увагу приділено епізоотологічним аспектам інфекції, включаючи роль різних шляхів передачі, факторів середовища та механічних переносників, зокрема комах, у поширенні вірусу. Висвітлено особливості патогенезу, клінічних форм та вікової чутливості тварин залежно від генотипу збудника. Проведено аналіз сучасних методів діагностики, зокрема молекулярно-біологічних технологій, що забезпечують високу чутливість і специфічність виявлення вірусу.
У роботі здійснено порівняльну характеристику вірусної геморагічної хвороби кролів і міксоматозу, визначено їх спільні та відмінні риси. Оцінено економічні наслідки інфекції, включаючи прямі та опосередковані збитки, а також вплив на популяційну динаміку тварин і екосистеми.
Проаналізовано сучасні стратегії контролю захворювання, що базуються на поєднанні вакцинації, біобезпеки, лабораторної діагностики та епізоотичного моніторингу. Визначено основні сучасні виклики, пов’язані з еволюцією вірусу, його глобальним поширенням, міжвидовими переходами та обмеженою ефективністю існуючих вакцин. Окреслено перспективні напрями подальших досліджень і вдосконалення систем контролю інфекції.
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