ANALYSIS OF SAFETY INDICATORS AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF BEE POLLEN
Ключові слова:
bee pollen, safety, quality, biological value, standardization, honeybee, functional food products.Анотація
The article presents a synthesis of current scientific data on the safety, chemical composition, and biological value of bee pollen as a promising raw material for the development of functional food products, biologically active supplements, and pharmaceutical preparations. The results of numerous studies confirm that bee pollen is a concentrated source of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, which determine its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. It has been established that the botanical and geographical origin, season of collection, and technological conditions of drying and storage significantly affect the biochemical profile of the product, while contamination with heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and microorganisms reduces its nutritional suitability and safety.
Scientific approaches to determining the botanical authenticity of bee pollen using melissopalynological, spectroscopic, chromatographic, and microbiological analyses have been summarized. Special attention is given to innovative methods for improving the bioavailability of nutrients, particularly fermentation, ultrasonic destruction of cell walls, and optimization of drying regimes, which make it possible to preserve biologically active components without losing the natural properties of the product. Toxicological and microbiological risks associated with storage conditions and environmental factors in collection regions are considered, confirming the need for systematic quality control in accordance with international HACCP requirements and the principles of the “One Health” concept.
The obtained results prove that bee pollen is a unique natural product capable of exerting a complex effect on the human body – from antioxidant protection to maintaining immune homeostasis. It can be effectively used in the production of dietary supplements, therapeutic and prophylactic preparations, and specialized food products. The prospects for further research involve creating a national database on the chemical profile and bioactivity of samples of various botanical origins, harmonizing quality control standards, and scientifically substantiating biotransformation technologies to enhance nutrient bioavailability. Comprehensive studies of bee pollen will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian beekeeping products in the international market and expanding their application in the fields of healthy nutrition, medicine, and biotechnology.
Посилання
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